Title II of the ADA "protects qualified individuals with disabilities from discrimination on the basis of disability in services, programs, and activities provided by State and local government entities." In its defense, the state of Georgia argued that it had been inadequate funding that kept them from moving the women into appropriate program, not discrimination. The plaintiffs argued that the hospital was in violation of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA). But VMI attempted to cover its bases by proposing a parallel program for women, called the Virginia Women's Institute for Leadership (VWIL), located at a private all-women liberal arts women's school called Mary Baldwin College. The state argued that the restriction was fair game because women wouldn't be able to handle the rigorous nature of the program. The United States sued VMI and the state of Virginia, alleging that the school's males-only admission policy violated the 14th Amendment's Equal Protection Clause, which prohibits states from denying anyone within the territory the equal protection of the laws. Thanks to the competitive edge the institution gave alumni, VMI had the largest per-student endowment of all public undergraduate institutions in the country.
Alumni of VMI's "citizen-soldier" training were considered to be hot commodities because the unique curriculum was designed to prepare students for leadership positions in civilian life and military service using a specific type of training known as the "adversative method" exclusive to the institution. At the time, Virginia Military Institute (VMI) remained the only single-sex school among Virginia's public institutions of higher learning. In 1996, the case of the United States v. VMI PhotosĪfter taking some time to settle into her role as associate justice, Ruth Bader Ginsburg began making a name for herself as an advocate for gender equality and women's rights. Women were barred from admission at Virginia Military Institute before the 1996 landmark decision in United States v. While Ginsburg had already established herself as an uncommonly accomplished and driven legal powerhouse by the time President Bill Clinton nominated her for the Supreme Court on June 15, 1993, it was the decisions she made since that earned her a coveted position that was nothing short of historic.
And in the 27 years since taking her oath of office, Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg definitely earned her nickname, the Notorious RBG.Īs the first Jewish female - and second female justice ever - to serve on the Supreme Court, Ginsburg entered the position already a trailblazer, but it was her incomparable work ethic and tireless commitment to gender equality that truly set her apart. 10, 1993, a force of nature entered the Supreme Court of the United States. Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg established herself as an uncommonly accomplished and driven legal powerhouse known as the "great dissenter." Here she arrives at a lecture in September 2018 at Georgetown University Law Center in D.C.
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